Таблица. Word-formative units in biology and medicine. Модификация: Seeley R.R., Stephens T.D., Tate P. Anatomy and Physiology, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2007; 1210 p., см.: Физиология человека: Литература. Иллюстрации. |
№ |
По-русски |
Примеры |
Этимология = Etymology |
In English |
Examples |
1 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
a-, an- without, lack of: aphasia (lack of speech), anaerobic
(without oxygen)
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2 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
ab- away from: abductor (leading away from)
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3 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-able capable: viable (capable of living)
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4 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
acou- hearing: acoustics (science of sound)
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5 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
acr- extremity: acromegaly (large extremities)
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6 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
ad- to, toward, near to: adrenal (near the kidney)
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7 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
adeno- gland: adenoma (glandular tumor)
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8 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-al expressing relationship: neural (referring to nerves)
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9 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-algia pain: gastralgia (stomach pain)
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10 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
angio- vessel: angiography (radiography of blood vessels)
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11 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
ante- before, forward: antecubital (before elbow)
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12 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
anti- against, reversed: antiperistalsis (reversed peristalsis)
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13 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
arthr- joint: arthritis (inflammation of a joint)
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14 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-ary associated with: urinary (associated with urine)
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15 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-asis condition, state of: homeostasis (state of staying the same)
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16 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
auto- self: autolysis (self breakdown)
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17 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
bi- twice, double: bicuspid (two cusps)
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18 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
bio- live: biology (study of living)
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19 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-blast bud, germ: fibroblast (fiber-producing cell)
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20 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
brady- slow: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
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21 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-c expressing relationship: cardiac (referring to heart)
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22 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
carcin- cancer: carcinogenic (causing cancer)
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23 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
cardio- heart: cardiopathy (heart disease)
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24 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
cata- down, according to: catabolism (breaking down)
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25 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
cephal- head: cephalic (toward the head)
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26 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-cele hollow: blastocele (hollow cavity inside a blastocyst)
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27 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
cerebro- brain: cerebrospinal (referring to brain and spinal cord)
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28 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
chol- bile: acholic (without bile)
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29 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
cholecyst- gallbladder: cholecystokinin (hormone causing the
gallbladder to contract)
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30 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
chondr- cartilage: chondrocyte (cartilage cell)
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31 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-cide kill: bactericide (agent that kills bacteria)
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32 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
circum- around, about: circumduction (circular movement)
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33 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-clast smash, break: osteoclast (cell that breaks down bone)
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34 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
co-, com-, con- with, together: coenzyme (molecule that functions with an enzyme), commisure (coming together), convergence (to incline together)
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35 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
contra- against, opposite: contralateral (opposite side)
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36 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
crypto- hidden: cryptorchidism (undescended or hidden testes)
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37 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
cysto- bladder, sac: cystocele (hernia of a bladder)
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38 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-cyte-, cyto- cell: erythrocyte (red blood cell), cytoskeleton (supportive fibers inside a cell)
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39 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
de- away from: dehydrate (remove water)
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40 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
derm- skin: dermatology (study of the skin)
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41 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
di- two: diploid (two sets of chromosomes)
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42 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
dia- through, apart, across: diapedesis (ooze through)
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43 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
dis- reversal, apart from: dissect (cut apart)
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44 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-duct- leading, drawing: abduct (lead away from)
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45 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-dynia pain: mastodynia (breast pain)
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46 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
dys- difficult, bad: dysmentia (bad mind)
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47 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
e- out, away from: eviscerate (take out viscera)
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48 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
ec- out from: ectopic (out of place)
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49 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
ecto- on outer side: ectoderm (outer skin)
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50 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-ectomy cut out: appendectomy (cut out the appendix)
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51 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-edem- swell: myoedema (swelling of a muscle)
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52 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
em-, en- in: empyema (pus in), encephalon (in the brain)
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53 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-emia blood: anemia (defficiency of blood)
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54 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
endo- within: endometrium (within the uterus)
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55 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
entero- intestine: enteritis (inflammation of the intestine)
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56 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
epi- upon, on: epidermis (on the skin)
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57 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
erythro- red: erythrocyte (red blood cell)
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58 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
eu- well, good: euphoria (well-being)
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59 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
ex- out, away from: exhalation (breathe out)
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60 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
exo- outside, on outer side: exogenous (originating outside)
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61 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
extra- outside: extracellular (outside the cell)
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62 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-ferent carry: afferent (carrying to the central nervous system)
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63 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-form expressing resemblance: fusiform (resembling a fusion)
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64 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
gastro- stomach: gastrodynia (stomach ache)
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65 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-genesis produce, origin: pathogenesis (origin of disease)
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66 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
gloss- tongue: hypoglossal (under the tongue)
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67 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
glyco- sugar, sweet: glycolysis (breakdown of sugar)
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68 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-gram a drawing: myogram (drawing of a muscle contraction)
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69 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-graph instrument that records: myograph (instrument for
measuring muscle contraction)
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70 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
hem- blood: hemopoiesis (formation of blood)
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71 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
hemi- half: hemiplegia (paralysis of half of the body)
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72 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
hepato- liver: hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)
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73 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
hetero- different, other: heterozygous (different genes for a trait)
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74 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
hist- tissue: histology (study of tissues)
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75 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
homeo-, homo- same: homeostasis (state of staying the same),
homologous (alike in structure or origin)
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76 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
hydro- wet, water: hydrocephalus (fluid within the head)
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77 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
hyper- over, above, excessive: hypertrophy (overgrowth)
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78 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
hypo- under, below, deficient: hypotension (low blood pressure)
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79 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-ia, -id expressing condition: neuralgia (pain in nerve), flaccid (state of being weak)
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80 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-iatr- treat, cure: pediatrics (treatment of children)
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81 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-im not: impermeable (not permeable)
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82 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
in- in, into: injection (forcing fluid into)
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83 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
infra- below, beneath: infraorbital (below the eye)
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84 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
inter- between: intercostal (between the ribs)
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85 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
intra- within: intraocular (within the eye)
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86 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-ism condition, state of: dimorphism (condition of two forms)
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87 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
iso- equal, the same: isotonic (same tension)
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88 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-itis inflammation: gastritis (inflammation of the stomach)
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89 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-ity expressing condition: acidity (condition of acid)
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90 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
kerato- cornea or horny tissue: keratinization (formation of a hard tissue)
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91 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-kin- move: kinesiology (study of movement)
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92 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
leuko- white: leukocyte (white blood cell)
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93 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-liga- bind: ligament (structure that binds bone to bone)
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94 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
lip- fat: lipolysis (breakdown of fats)
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95 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-logy study: histology (study of tissue)
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96 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-lysis breaking up, dissolving: glycolysis (breakdown of sugar)
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97 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
macro- large: macrophage (large phagocytic cell)
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98 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
mal- bad: malnutrition (bad nutrition)
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99 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
malaco- soft: osteomalacia (soft bone)
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100 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
mast- breast: mastectomy (excision of the breast)
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101 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
mega- great: megacolon (large colon)
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102 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
melano- black: melanocyte (black pigment-producing skin cell)
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103 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
meso- middle, mid: mesoderm (middle skin)
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104 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
meta- beyond, after, change: metastasis (beyond original position)
| |
105 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
micro- small: microorganism (small organism)
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106 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
mito- thread, filament: mitosis (referring to threadlike chromosomes during cell division)
| |
107 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
mono- one, single: monosaccharide (one sugar)
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108 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-morph- form: morphogenesis (formation of tissues and organs)
| |
109 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
multi- many,much: multinucleated (two or more nuclei)
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110 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
myelo- marrow, spinal cord: myeloid (derived from bone marrow)
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111 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
myo- muscle: myocardium (heart muscle)
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112 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
narco- numbness: narcotic (drug producing stupor or weakness)
| |
113 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
neo- new: neonatal (first four weeks of life)
| |
114 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
nephro- kidney: nephrectomy (removal of the kidney)
| |
115 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
neuro- nerve: neuritis (inflammation of a nerve)
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116 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
oculo- eye: oculomotor (movement of the eye)
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117 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
odonto- tooth or teeth: odontomy (cutting a tooth)
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118 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-oid expressing resemblance: epidermoid (resembling epidermis)
| |
119 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
oligo- few, scanty, little: oliguria (little urine)
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120 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-oma tumor: carcinoma (cancerous tumor)
| |
121 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-op- see, sight: myopia (nearsighted)
| |
122 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
ophthalm- eye: ophthalmology (study of the eye)
| |
123 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
ortho- straight, normal: orthodontics (discipline dealing with the straightening of teeth)
| |
124 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-ory referring to: olfactory (relating to the sense of smell)
| |
125 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-ose full of: adipose (full of fat)
| |
126 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-osis a condition of: osteoporosis (porous condition of bone)
| |
127 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
osteo- bone: osteocyte (bone cell)
| |
128 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
oto- ear: otolith (ear stone)
| |
129 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-ous expressing material: serous (composed of serum)
| |
130 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
para- beside, beyond, near to: paranasal (near the nose)
| |
131 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-pathy disease: cardiopathy (disease of the heart)
| |
132 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-penia defficiency: thrombocytopenia (defficiency of thrombocytes)
| |
133 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
per- through, excessive: permeate (pass through)
| |
134 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
peri- around: periosteum (around bone)
| |
135 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-phag eat: dysphagia (difficulty eating or swallowing)
| |
136 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-phas- speak, utter: aphasia (unable to speak)
| |
137 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-phil- like, love: hydrophilic (water-loving)
| |
138 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
phleb- vein: phlebotomy (incision into a vein)
| |
139 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-phobia fear : hydrophobia (fear of water)
| |
140 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-plas- form, grow: neoplasm (new growth)
| |
141 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-plegia paralyze: paraplegia (paralysis of lower limbs)
| |
142 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-pne- breathe: apnea (lack of breathing)
| |
143 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
pneumo- air, gas, or lungs: pneumothorax (air in the thorax)
| |
144 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
pod- foot: podiatry (treatment of foot disorders)
| |
145 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-poie- making, production: hematopoiesis (make blood cells)
| |
146 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
poly- many,much: polycythemia (excess red blood cells)
| |
147 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
post- after, behind: postpartum (after childbirth)
| |
148 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
pre-, pro- before, in front of: prenatal (before birth), prosect (to
cut before-for the purpose of demonstration)
| |
149 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
procto- anus, rectum: proctoscope (instrument for examining
the rectum)
| |
150 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
pseudo- false: pseudostratified (falsely layered)
| |
151 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
psycho- mind, soul: psychosomatic (effect of the mind on the
body)
| |
152 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
pyo- pus: pyoderma (pus in the skin)
| |
153 |
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~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
re- back, again, contrary: reflect (bend back)
| |
154 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
retro- backward, located behind: retroperitoneal (behind the
peritoneum)
| |
155 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-rrhagia burst forth, pour: hemorrhage (bleed)
| |
156 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-rrhea flow, discharge: rhinorrhea (nasal discharge)
| |
157 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
sarco- flesh or fleshy: sarcoma (connective tissue tumor)
| |
158 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-sclero- hard: arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
| |
159 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-scope examine: endoscope (instrument for examining the
inside of a hollow organ)
| |
160 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
semi- half: semilunar (shaped like a half moon)
| |
161 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
somato- body: somatotropin (hormone causing body growth)
| |
162 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-stasis stop, stand still: hemostasis (stop bleeding)
| |
163 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
steno- narrow: stenosis (narrow canal)
| |
164 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-stomy to make an artificial opening: tracheostomy (make an
opening into the trachea)
| |
165 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
sub- under: subcutaneous (under the skin)
| |
166 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
super- above, upper, excessive: supercilia (upper brows)
| |
167 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
supra- above, upon: suprarenal (above kidney)
| |
168 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
sym-, syn- together, with: symphysis (growing together),
synapsis (joining together)
| |
169 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
tachy- fast, swift: tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
| |
170 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
therm- heat: thermometer (device for measuring heat)
| |
171 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-tomy cut, incise: phlebotomy (incision of a vein)
| |
172 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
tox- poison: antitoxin (substance that counteracts a poison)
| |
173 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
trans- across, through, beyond: transection (cut across)
| |
174 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
tri- three: triceps (three-headed muscle)
| |
175 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-troph- nourish: hypertrophy (enlargement or overnourishment)
| |
176 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-tropic changing, influencing: gonadotropic (influencing the
gonads)
| |
177 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
-uria urine: polyuria (excess urine)
| |
178 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
vas- vessel : vasoconstriction (decreased diameter of blood vessel)
| |
179 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
vene- vein: venesection (phlebotomy)
| |
180 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: - . греч.: - - . |
viscer- internal organ: visceromotor (movement of internal
organs)
| |
181 |
|
|
~ХХ в., лат.: греч.: - - |
zyg- yoked, paired: zygote (diploid cell)
| |