ПРИСТАВКИ, СУФФИКСЫ И ДРУГИЕ СЛОВООБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЕДИНИЦЫ (МОРФЕМЫ)
[ prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms ]

Prefixes, Suffixes, and Combining Forms
Перевести на русский язык = Translate into Russian

a-, an-   -  without, lack of: aphasia (lack of speech), anaerobic (without oxygen)
ab-   -  away from: abductor (leading away from)
-able   -  capable: viable (capable of living)
acou-   -  hearing: acoustics (science of sound)
acr-   -  extremity: acromegaly (large extremities)
ad-   -  to, toward, near to: adrenal (near the kidney)
adeno-   -  gland: adenoma (glandular tumor)
-al   -  expressing relationship: neural (referring to nerves)
-algia   -  pain: gastralgia (stomach pain)
angio-   -  vessel: angiography (radiography of blood vessels)
ante-   -  before, forward: antecubital (before elbow)
anti-   -  against, reversed: antiperistalsis (reversed peristalsis)
arthr-   -  joint: arthritis (inflammation of a joint)
-ary   -  associated with: urinary (associated with urine)
-asis   -  condition, state of: homeostasis (state of staying the same)
auto-   -  self: autolysis (self breakdown)
bi-   -  twice, double: bicuspid (two cusps)
bio-   -  live: biology (study of living)
-blast   -  bud, germ: fibroblast (fiber-producing cell)
brady-   -  slow: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
-c   -  expressing relationship: cardiac (referring to heart)
carcin-   -  cancer: carcinogenic (causing cancer)
cardio-   -  heart: cardiopathy (heart disease)
cata-   -  down, according to: catabolism (breaking down)
cephal-   -  head: cephalic (toward the head)
-cele   -  hollow: blastocele (hollow cavity inside a blastocyst)
cerebro-   -  brain: cerebrospinal (referring to brain and spinal cord)
chol-   -  bile: acholic (without bile)
cholecyst-   -  gallbladder: cholecystokinin (hormone causing the gallbladder to contract)
chondr-   -  cartilage: chondrocyte (cartilage cell)
-cide   -  kill: bactericide (agent that kills bacteria)
circum-   -  around, about: circumduction (circular movement)
-clast   -  smash, break: osteoclast (cell that breaks down bone)
co-, com-, con-   -  with, together: coenzyme (molecule that functions with an enzyme), commisure (coming together), convergence (to incline together)
contra-   -  against, opposite: contralateral (opposite side)
crypto-   -  hidden: cryptorchidism (undescended or hidden testes)
cysto-   -  bladder, sac: cystocele (hernia of a bladder)
-cyte-, cyto-   -  cell: erythrocyte (red blood cell), cytoskeleton (supportive fibers inside a cell)
de-   -  away from: dehydrate (remove water)
derm-   -  skin: dermatology (study of the skin)
di-   -  two: diploid (two sets of chromosomes)
dis-   -  reversal, apart from: dissect (cut apart)
-duct-   -  leading, drawing: abduct (lead away from)
-dynia   -  pain: mastodynia (breast pain)
dys-   -  difficult, bad: dysmentia (bad mind)
e-   -  out, away from: eviscerate (take out viscera)
ec-   -  out from: ectopic (out of place)
ecto-   -  on outer side: ectoderm (outer skin)
-ectomy   -  cut out: appendectomy (cut out the appendix)
-edem-   -  swell: myoedema (swelling of a muscle)
em-, en-   -  in: empyema (pus in), encephalon (in the brain)
-emia   -  blood: anemia (deficiency of blood)
endo-   -  within: endometrium (within the uterus)
entero-   -  intestine: enteritis (inflammation of the intestine)
epi-   -  upon, on: epidermis (on the skin)
erythro-   -  red: erythrocyte (red blood cell)
eu-   -  well, good: euphoria (well-being)
ex-   -  out, away from: exhalation (breathe out)
exo-   -  outside, on outer side: exogenous (originating outside)
extra-   -  outside: extracellular (outside the cell)
-ferent   -  carry: afferent (carrying to the central nervous system)
-form   -  expressing resemblance: fusiform (resembling a fusion)
gastro-   -  stomach: gastrodynia (stomach ache)
-genesis   -  produce, origin: pathogenesis (origin of disease)
gloss-   -  tongue: hypoglossal (under the tongue)
glyco-   -  sugar, sweet: glycolysis (breakdown of sugar)
-gram   -  a drawing: myogram (drawing of a muscle contraction)
-graph   -  instrument that records: myograph (instrument for measuring muscle contraction)
hem-   -  blood: hemopoiesis (formation of blood)
hemi-   -  half: hemiplegia (paralysis of half of the body)
hepato-   -  liver: hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)
hetero-   -  different, other: heterozygous (different genes for a trait)
hist-   -  tissue: histology (study of tissues)
homeo-, homo-   -  same: homeostasis (state of staying the same), homologous (alike in structure or origin)
hydro-   -  wet, water: hydrocephalus (fluid within the head)
hyper-   -  over, above, excessive: hypertrophy (overgrowth)
hypo-   -  under, below, deficient: hypotension (low blood pressure)
-ia, -id   -  expressing condition: neuralgia (pain in nerve), flaccid (state of being weak)
-iatr-   -  treat, cure: pediatrics (treatment of children)
-im   -  not: impermeable (not permeable)
in-   -  in, into: injection (forcing fluid into)
infra-   -  below, beneath: infraorbital (below the eye)
inter-   -  between: intercostal (between the ribs)
intra-   -  within: intraocular (within the eye)
-ism   -  condition, state of: dimorphism (condition of two forms)
iso-   -  equal, the same: isotonic (same tension)
-itis   -  inflammation: gastritis (inflammation of the stomach)
-ity   -  expressing condition: acidity (condition of acid)
kerato-   -  cornea or horny tissue: keratinization (formation of a hard tissue)
-kin-   -  move: kinesiology (study of movement)
leuko-   -  white: leukocyte (white blood cell)
-liga-   -  bind: ligament (structure that binds bone to bone)
lip-   -  fat: lipolysis (breakdown of fats)
-logy   -  study: histology (study of tissue)
-lysis   -  breaking up, dissolving: glycolysis (breakdown of sugar)
macro-   -  large: macrophage (large phagocytic cell)
mal-   -  bad: malnutrition (bad nutrition)
malaco-   -  soft: osteomalacia (soft bone)
mast-   -  breast: mastectomy (excision of the breast)
mega-   -  great: megacolon (large colon)
melano-   -  black: melanocyte (black pigment-producing skin cell)
meso-   -  middle, mid: mesoderm (middle skin)
meta-   -  beyond, after, change: metastasis (beyond original position)
micro-   -  small: microorganism (small organism)
mito-   -  thread, filament: mitosis (referring to threadlike chromosomes during cell division)
mono-   -  one, single: monosaccharide (one sugar)
-morph-   -  form: morphogenesis (formation of tissues and organs)
multi-   -  many,much: multinucleated (two or more nuclei)
myelo-   -  marrow, spinal cord: myeloid (derived from bone marrow)
myo-   -  muscle: myocardium (heart muscle)
narco-   -  numbness: narcotic (drug producing stupor or weakness)
neo-   -  new: neonatal (first four weeks of life)
nephro-   -  kidney: nephrectomy (removal of the kidney)
neuro-   -  nerve: neuritis (inflammation of a nerve)
oculo-   -  eye: oculomotor (movement of the eye)
odonto-   -  tooth or teeth: odontomy (cutting a tooth)
-oid   -  expressing resemblance: epidermoid (resembling epidermis)
oligo-   -  few, scanty, little: oliguria (little urine)
-oma   -  tumor: carcinoma (cancerous tumor)
-op-   -  see, sight: myopia (nearsighted)
ophthalm-   -  eye: ophthalmology (study of the eye)
ortho-   -  straight, normal: orthodontics (discipline dealing with the straightening of teeth)
-ory   -  referring to: olfactory (relating to the sense of smell)
-ose   -  full of: adipose (full of fat)
-osis   -  a condition of: osteoporosis (porous condition of bone)
osteo-   -  bone: osteocyte (bone cell)
oto-   -  ear: otolith (ear stone)
-ous   -  expressing material: serous (composed of serum)
para-   -  beside, beyond, near to: paranasal (near the nose)
-pathy   -  disease: cardiopathy (disease of the heart)
-penia   -  deficiency: thrombocytopenia (deficiency of thrombocytes)
per-   -  through, excessive: permeate (pass through)
peri-   -  around: periosteum (around bone)
-phag   -  eat: dysphagia (difficulty eating or swallowing)
-phas-   -  speak, utter: aphasia (unable to speak)
-phil-   -  like, love: hydrophilic (water-loving)
phleb-   -  vein: phlebotomy (incision into a vein)
-phobia   -  fear : hydrophobia (fear of water)
-plas-   -  form, grow: neoplasm (new growth)
-plegia   -  paralyze: paraplegia (paralysis of lower limbs)
-pne-   -  breathe: apnea (lack of breathing)
pneumo-   -  air, gas, or lungs: pneumothorax (air in the thorax)
pod-   -  foot: podiatry (treatment of foot disorders)
-poie-   -  making, production: hematopoiesis (make blood cells)
poly-   -  many,much: polycythemia (excess red blood cells)
post-   -  after, behind: postpartum (after childbirth)
pre-, pro-   -  before, in front of: prenatal (before birth), prosect (to cut before-for the purpose of demonstration)
procto-   -  anus, rectum: proctoscope (instrument for examining the rectum)
pseudo-   -  false: pseudostratified (falsely layered)
psycho-   -  mind, soul: psychosomatic (effect of the mind on the body)
pyo-   -  pus: pyoderma (pus in the skin)
re-   -  back, again, contrary: reflect (bend back)
retro-   -  backward, located behind: retroperitoneal (behind the peritoneum)
-rrhagia   -  burst forth, pour: hemorrhage (bleed)
-rrhea   -  flow, discharge: rhinorrhea (nasal discharge)
sarco-   -  flesh or fleshy: sarcoma (connective tissue tumor)
-sclero-   -  hard: arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
-scope   -  examine: endoscope (instrument for examining the inside of a hollow organ)
semi-   -  half: semilunar (shaped like a half moon)
somato-   -  body: somatotropin (hormone causing body growth)
-stasis   -  stop, stand still: hemostasis (stop bleeding)
steno-   -  narrow: stenosis (narrow canal)
-stomy   -  to make an artificial opening: tracheostomy (make an opening into the trachea)
sub-   -  under: subcutaneous (under the skin)
super-   -  above, upper, excessive: supercilia (upper brows)
supra-   -  above, upon: suprarenal (above kidney)
sym-, syn-   -  together, with: symphysis (growing together), synapsis (joining together)
tachy-   -  fast, swift: tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
therm-   -  heat: thermometer (device for measuring heat)
-tomy   -  cut, incise: phlebotomy (incision of a vein)
tox-   -  poison: antitoxin (substance that counteracts a poison)
trans-   -  across, through, beyond: transection (cut across)
tri-   -  three: triceps (three-headed muscle)
-troph-   -  nourish: hypertrophy (enlargement or overnourishment)
-tropic   -  changing, influencing: gonadotropic (influencing the gonads)
-uria   -  urine: polyuria (excess urine)
vas-   -  vessel : vasoconstriction (decreased diameter of blood vessel)
vene-   -  vein: venesection (phlebotomy)
viscer-   -  internal organ: visceromotor (movement of internal organs)
zyg-   -  yoked, paired: zygote (diploid cell)