Таблица. Уровень концентрации катехоламинов в плазме крови в норме и при патологии = Range of Plasma Catecholamine Levels Observed in Healthy Subjects and Patients.    Перевести на русский язык Модификация: Gardner D.G., Shoback D.M., Eds. Greenspan's Basic & Clinical Endocrinology. 9th ed., Lange, 2011, 960 p., см.: Физиология человека: Литература. Иллюстрации.
№	Объект / Условия	Norepinephrine	Epinephrine
Норма
1	Basal	150-400 pg/mL (0.9-2.4 nmol/L)	25-100 pg/mL (0.1-0.6 nmol/L)
2	Ambulatory	200-800 pg/mL (1.2-4.8 nmol/L)	30-100 pg/mL(0.1-1 nmol/L)
3	Exercise	800-4000 pg/mL (4.8-24 nmol/L)	100-1000 pg/mL (0.5-5 nmol/L)
4	Symptomatic hypoglycemia	200-1000 pg/mL (1.2-6 nmol/L)	1000-5000 pg/mL (5-25 nmol/L)
Патология
5	Hypertension	200-500 pg/mL (1.2-3 nmol/L)	20-100 pg/mL (0.1-0.6 nmol/L)
6	Surgery	500-2000 pg/mL (3-12 nmol/L)	199-500 pg/mL (0.5-3 nmol/L)
7	Myocardial infarction	1000-2000 pg/mL (6-12 nmol/L)	800-5000 pg/mL (4-25 nmol/L)
Примечание:
Table 11–1 Range of Plasma Catecholamine Levels Observed in Healthy Subjects and Patients.

Таблица. Уровень концентрации катехоламинов в плазме крови в норме и при патологии = Range of Plasma Catecholamine Levels Observed in Healthy Subjects and Patients.    Перевести на русский язык Модификация: Gardner D.G., Shoback D.M., Eds. Greenspan's Basic & Clinical Endocrinology. 9th ed., Lange, 2011, 960 p., см.: Физиология человека: Литература. Иллюстрации.
№	Объект / Условия	Norepinephrine	Epinephrine
Норма
1	Basal	150-400 pg/mL (0.9-2.4 nmol/L)	25-100 pg/mL (0.1-0.6 nmol/L)
2	Ambulatory	200-800 pg/mL (1.2-4.8 nmol/L)	30-100 pg/mL(0.1-1 nmol/L)
3	Exercise	800-4000 pg/mL (4.8-24 nmol/L)	100-1000 pg/mL (0.5-5 nmol/L)
4	Symptomatic hypoglycemia	200-1000 pg/mL (1.2-6 nmol/L)	1000-5000 pg/mL (5-25 nmol/L)
Патология
5	Hypertension	200-500 pg/mL (1.2-3 nmol/L)	20-100 pg/mL (0.1-0.6 nmol/L)
6	Surgery	500-2000 pg/mL (3-12 nmol/L)	199-500 pg/mL (0.5-3 nmol/L)
7	Myocardial infarction	1000-2000 pg/mL (6-12 nmol/L)	800-5000 pg/mL (4-25 nmol/L)
Примечание:
Table 11–1 Range of Plasma Catecholamine Levels Observed in Healthy Subjects and Patients.

Таблица. Типы и подтипы рецепторов катехоламинов = Catecholamine Receptor Types and Subtypes.    Перевести на русский язык Модификация: Gardner D.G., Shoback D.M., Eds. Greenspan's Basic & Clinical Endocrinology. 9th ed., Lange, 2011, 960 p., см.: Физиология человека: Литература. Иллюстрации.
№	Receptor	Relative Agonist	Potency Effects
Альфа-рецепторы
1	Alpha1 Type	Norepinephrine > epinephrine
2	Alpha1A	-	↑ IP3, DAG common to all
3	Alpha1B	-	↑ IP3, DAG common to all
4	Alpha1D	-	↑ IP3, DAG common to all
5	Alpha2 Type	Norepinephrine > epinephrine; clonidine	↓ cAMP; K+ channels; Ca2+ channels
6	Alpha2A	-	-
7	Alpha2B	Norepinephrine > epinephrine	↓ cAMP; Ca2+ channels
8	Alpha2C	-	↓ cAMP
Бета-рецепторы
9	Beta1	Epinephrine = norepinephrine	↑ cAMP
10	Beta2	Epinephrine >>> norepinephrine	↑ cAMP
11	Beta3	Norepinephrine > epinephrine	↑ cAMP
Примечание:
Table 11–2 Catecholamine Receptor Types and Subtypes. (Tables 11–2 and 11–3; Figures 11–5 and 11–6) ↑  - увеличение, ↓  - уменьшение, > - больше, < - меньше.

Таблица. Рецепторы катехоламинов: расположение и действие = Catecholamine Receptors: Location and Actions.    Перевести на русский язык Модификация: Gardner D.G., Shoback D.M., Eds. Greenspan's Basic & Clinical Endocrinology. 9th ed., Lange, 2011, 960 p., см.: Физиология человека: Литература. Иллюстрации.
№	Catecholamine Receptor	Tissue Location Action	Following Receptor Activation
Альфа-рецепторы
1	Alpha1	Vascular smooth muscle	Increases vasoconstriction (increases blood pressure)
2	Alpha1	Liver	Increases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
3	Alpha1	Eye	Increases ciliary muscle contraction (pupil dilation)
4	Alpha1	Skin	Increases pilomotor smooth muscle contraction (erects hairs)
5	Alpha1	Prostate	Increases contraction and ejaculation
6	Alpha1	Uterus	Increases gravid uterus contraction
7	Alpha1	Intestines	Increases sphincter tone and relaxes smooth muscle
8	Alpha1	Spleen capsule	Contracts spleen volume, expelling blood
9	Alpha2	Preganglionic nerves	Decreases release of neurotransmitter
10	Alpha2	Vascular smooth muscle	Increases vasoconstriction (increases blood pressure)
11	Alpha2	Pancreatic islet cells	Decreases release of insulin and glucagon
12	Alpha2	Blood platelets	Increases platelet aggregation
13	Alpha2	Adipose cells	Decreases lipolysis
14	Alpha2	Brain	Decreases norepinephrine release
Бета-рецепторы
15	Beta1	Myocardium	Increases force and rate of contraction
16	Beta1	Kidney (juxtaglomerular apparatus)	Increases secretion of renin
17	Beta1	Adipose cells	Increases lipolysis
18	Beta1	Most tissues	Increases calorigenesis
19	Beta2	Nerves	Increases conduction velocity
20	Beta2	Vascular smooth muscle	Decreases vasoconstriction (increases blood flow)
21	Beta2	Bronchiolar smooth muscle	Decreases contraction (bronchial dilation)
22	Beta2	Liver	Increases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
23	Beta2	Intestinal smooth muscle	Decreases intestinal motility; increases sphincter tone
24	Beta2	Pancreatic islet cells	Increases release of insulin and glucagon
25	Beta2	Adipose tissue	Increases lipolysis
26	Beta2	Muscles	Increases muscle contraction speed and glycogenolysis
27	Beta2	Liver and kidney	Increases peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
28	Beta2	Uterus smooth muscle	Decreases nongravid uterine contraction (uterine relaxation)
29	Beta3	Adipose cells	Increases lipolysis
30	Beta3	Intestinal smooth muscle	Increases intestinal motility
Рецепторы дофамина
31	Dopamine1	Vascular smooth muscle	Decreases vasoconstriction (vasodilation);
32	Dopamine1	Renal tubule	Enhances natriuresis
33	Dopamine2	Sympathetic nerves	Inhibits synaptic release of norepinephrine
34	Dopamine2	Pituitary lactotrophes	Inhibits prolactin release
35	Dopamine2	Gastrointestinal tract	Paracrine functions

στίξω

Схема. Рецепторы катехоламинов. Активация α1-адренергических ответов = Catecholamine Receptors. Activation of α1-adrenergic responses.    Перевести на русский язык Модификация: Gardner D.G., Shoback D.M., Eds. Greenspan's Basic & Clinical Endocrinology. 9th ed., Lange, 2011, 960 p., см.: Физиология человека: Литература. Иллюстрации.

Примечание:

Activation of α1-adrenergic responses. Stimulation of α1 receptors by catecholamines leads to the activation of a Gq-coupling protein. The activated αq subunit of this G protein activates phospholipase C, which catalyzes the conversion of PtdIns 4,5-P2 (phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) and DAG (diacylglycerol). IP3 stimulates the release of sequestered stores of calcium, leading to an increased concentration of cytoplasmic Ca2+ that may then activate Ca2+-dependent protein kinases that phosphorylate their substrates. DAG activates protein kinase C (PKC) (GDP, guanosine diphosphate; GTP, guanosine triphosphate). See Table Catecholamine Receptors: Location and Actions and text for physiologic effects of α1 receptor activation.